Record player wikipedia

The phonograph is a device for the mechanical recording and reproduction of sound. It was the most common device for playing recorded music from the s through the s. It was invented by Thomas Edisonafter other inventors had record player wikipedia the idea. Early phonographs both recorded and played sound on cylinders.

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Record player wikipedia

A phonograph , later called a gramophone as a trademark since , as a generic name in the UK since , and since the s a record player , or more recently a turntable , [a] is a device for the mechanical and analogue reproduction of recorded [b] sound. The sound vibration waveforms are recorded as corresponding physical deviations of a spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of a rotating cylinder or disc, called a "record". To recreate the sound, the surface is similarly rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is therefore vibrated by it, very faintly reproducing the recorded sound. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves which were coupled to the open air through a flaring horn , or directly to the listener's ears through stethoscope -type earphones. The phonograph was invented in by Thomas Edison. Alexander Graham Bell 's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the s and introduced the graphophone , including the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders and a cutting stylus that moved from side to side in a zigzag groove around the record. In the s, Emile Berliner initiated the transition from phonograph cylinders to flat discs with a spiral groove running from the periphery to near the center, coining the term gramophone for disc record players, which is predominantly used in many languages. Later improvements through the years included modifications to the turntable and its drive system, the stylus or needle, pickup system, and the sound and equalization systems. The disc phonograph record was the dominant commercial audio distribution format throughout most of the 20th century. In the s, the use of 8-track cartridges and cassette tapes were introduced as alternatives. By , phonograph use had declined sharply due to the popularity of cassettes and the rise of the compact disc. However, records have undergone a revival since the late s.

Recently developed optical scanning and image processing techniques have record player wikipedia new life to early recordings by making it possible to play unusually delicate or physically unplayable media without physical contact. Tools Tools.

Introduced by Columbia Records in , it was soon adopted as a new standard by the entire US record industry. Apart from a few relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound in , [2] it remained the standard format for record albums, during a period in popular music known as the album era. By , the latter format began to outsell LPs. Beginning in the late s, the LP has experienced a resurgence in popularity. At the time the LP was introduced, nearly all phonograph records for home use were made of an abrasive and therefore noisy shellac compound, employed a much larger groove, and played at approximately 78 revolutions per minute rpm , limiting the playing time of a inch diameter record to less than five minutes per side. Each side of a inch LP could play for about 22 minutes. Despite some earlier experiments and attempts at commercial marketing, the Long Play format did not begin to enjoy commercial popularity until the early s.

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Record player wikipedia

A phonograph , later called a gramophone as a trademark since , as a generic name in the UK since , and since the s a record player , or more recently a turntable , [a] is a device for the mechanical and analogue reproduction of recorded [b] sound. The sound vibration waveforms are recorded as corresponding physical deviations of a spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of a rotating cylinder or disc, called a "record". To recreate the sound, the surface is similarly rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is therefore vibrated by it, very faintly reproducing the recorded sound. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves which were coupled to the open air through a flaring horn , or directly to the listener's ears through stethoscope -type earphones. The phonograph was invented in by Thomas Edison. Alexander Graham Bell 's Volta Laboratory made several improvements in the s and introduced the graphophone , including the use of wax-coated cardboard cylinders and a cutting stylus that moved from side to side in a zigzag groove around the record. In the s, Emile Berliner initiated the transition from phonograph cylinders to flat discs with a spiral groove running from the periphery to near the center, coining the term gramophone for disc record players, which is predominantly used in many languages. Later improvements through the years included modifications to the turntable and its drive system, the stylus or needle, pickup system, and the sound and equalization systems. The disc phonograph record was the dominant commercial audio distribution format throughout most of the 20th century.

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At that time, virtually no discs for home use were made from this material. A coin-operated version of the Graphophone, U. Archived from the original on May 26, Archived from the original on 7 April Archived from the original on 17 March Scott coated a plate of glass with a thin layer of lampblack. This, together with laser-diamond-cutting technologies, made possible the "ridge" shaped stylus, such as the Namiki [75] design, and Fritz Gyger [76] design. Prior to this point, the earliest known record of a human voice was thought to be an phonograph recording by Thomas Edison. Document Journal. Elliptical styli usually track the groove more accurately, with increased high frequency response and less distortion. On April 30, , he deposited a sealed envelope containing a summary of his ideas with the French Academy of Sciences , a standard procedure used by scientists and inventors to establish priority of conception of unpublished ideas in the event of any later dispute. Archived from the original on 14 November See also: Graphophone. Columbia may have planned for the Bach album ML to be the first since the releases came in alphabetical order by composer the first 54 LPS, ML thru ML , are in order from Bach to Tchaikovsky Nathan Milstein was very popular in the s, however, so his performance of the Mendelssohn concerto was moved to ML Thomas Edison.

The history of turntables and record players provides a fascinating insight into how technology has evolved to become what it is today. Beginning in the mid-nineteenth century with the phonautograph, the record player has transformed with technological advances to deliver superior audio quality. Record players have reshaped the way people listen to music over a century of development, as well as defining the role of the DJ in clubs and bars.

In a demonstration by JVC [70] records "worn" after plays at a relatively very high 4. A keel-shaped diamond stylus appeared as a byproduct of the invention of the CED Videodisc. One side of the single had one song that played from inside out and, on the other side, there were two songs that were pressed as concentric grooves. The sound vibrations had been indented in the wax which had been applied to the Edison phonograph. Retrieved September 9, Each groove can contain a different recording, so the record "magically" plays one of several different recordings. The opening track of Zacherle 's LP Scary Tales consisted of three parallel grooves of the same song, each containing different lyrics an assortment of humorous, macabre retellings of Mother Goose rhymes. Recording Industry Association of America. In American English , "phonograph", properly specific to machines made by Edison, was sometimes used in a generic sense as early as the s to include cylinder-playing machines made by others. I am a Graphophone and my mother was a phonograph.