Moberget

The functional domain of the human cerebellum has expanded beyond motor control to also include cognitive and affective functions, moberget. In line with this moberget, cerebellar moberget has increased over recent primate evolution and cerebellar alterations have been linked to heritable mental disorders. We also observed genetic overlap between cerebellar morphology and major mental disorders, supporting cerebellar involvement in psychopathology.

Although cerebellar involvement across a wide range of cognitive and neuropsychiatric phenotypes is increasingly being recognized, previous large-scale studies in schizophrenia SZ have primarily focused on supratentorial structures. Hence, the across-sample reproducibility, regional distribution, associations with cerebrocortical morphology and effect sizes of cerebellar relative to cerebral morphological differences in SZ are unknown. We addressed these questions in patients with SZ spectrum disorders and healthy controls HCs from 14 international samples, using state-of-the-art image analysis pipelines optimized for both the cerebellum and the cerebrum. Effect sizes for cerebellar volumes were similar to the most consistently reported cerebral structural changes in SZ e. Within groups, we further observed positive correlations between cerebellar volume and cerebral cortical thickness in frontotemporal regions i. This cerebellocerebral structural covariance was strongest in SZ, suggesting common underlying disease processes jointly affecting the cerebellum and the cerebrum. Finally, cerebellar volume reduction in SZ was highly consistent across the included age span years and present already in the youngest patients, a finding that is more consistent with neurodevelopmental than neurodegenerative etiology.

Moberget

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The past 25 years have seen the functional domain of the cerebellum extend beyond the realm of motor control, with considerable discussion of how this subcortical structure contributes to cognitive domains including attention, memory, and language. Drawing on evidence from neuroanatomy, physiology, neuropsychology, and computational work, sophisticated models have been developed to describe cerebellar function in sensorimotor control and learning. In contrast, mechanistic accounts of how the cerebellum contributes to cognition have remained elusive. Inspired by the homogeneous cerebellar microanatomy and a desire for parsimony, many researchers have sought to extend mechanistic ideas from motor control to cognition. One influential hypothesis centers on the idea that the cerebellum implements internal models, representations of the context-specific dynamics of an agent's interactions with the environment, enabling predictive control. We briefly review cerebellar anatomy and physiology, to review the internal model hypothesis as applied in the motor domain, before turning to extensions of these ideas in the linguistic domain, focusing on speech perception and semantic processing.

Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Although cerebellar involvement across a wide range of cognitive and neuropsychiatric phenotypes is increasingly being recognized, previous large-scale studies in schizophrenia SZ have primarily focused on supratentorial structures. Hence, the across-sample reproducibility, regional distribution, associations with cerebrocortical morphology and effect sizes of cerebellar relative to cerebral morphological differences in SZ are unknown. We addressed these questions in patients with SZ spectrum disorders and healthy controls HCs from 14 international samples, using state-of-the-art image analysis pipelines optimized for both the cerebellum and the cerebrum.

Moberget

Long-term potentiation LTP is one of the most extensively studied forms of neuroplasticity and is considered the strongest candidate mechanism for memory and learning. The use of event-related potentials and sensory stimulation paradigms has allowed for the translation from animal studies to non-invasive studies of LTP-like synaptic plasticity in humans. Accumulating evidence suggests that synaptic plasticity as measured by stimulus-specific response modulation is reduced in neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder MDD , bipolar disorders and schizophrenia, suggesting that impaired synaptic plasticity plays a part in the underlying pathophysiology of these disorders. This is in line with the neuroplasticity hypothesis of depression, which postulate that deficits in neuroplasticity might be a common pathway underlying depressive disorders. Further, this study explores whether impairments in LTP-like synaptic plasticity is associated with self-reported subclinical depressive symptoms and stress in a healthy population. Consistent with prior research, the current study replicated and confirmed reports demonstrating significant modulation of visual evoked potentials VEP following visual high-frequency stimulation.

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Drawing on evidence from neuroanatomy, physiology, neuropsychology, and computational work, sophisticated models have been developed to describe cerebellar function in sensorimotor control and learning. Biological psychiatry 71 1 , , Offentlig tilgang. Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy The functional domain of the human cerebellum has expanded beyond motor control to also include cognitive and affective functions. Molecular psychiatry 25 11 , , Orthopedics Se alle. Association of copy number variation of the 15q Supplementary Material. Although cerebellar involvement across a wide range of cognitive and neuropsychiatric phenotypes is increasingly being recognized, previous large-scale studies in schizophrenia SZ have primarily focused on supratentorial structures. Keywords: cerebellum; cognition; computational mechanisms; internal models; language; motor control.

Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders SCZspect and bipolar disorders BD show impaired function in the primary visual cortex V1 , indicated by altered visual evoked potential VEP. While the neural substrate for altered VEP in these patients remains elusive, altered V1 structure may play a role. One previous study found a positive relationship between the amplitude of the P component of the VEP and V1 surface area, but not V1 thickness, in a small sample of healthy individuals.

Medical Education Nutrition Toxicology Artikler 1—20 Vis mer. Abstract Although cerebellar involvement across a wide range of cognitive and neuropsychiatric phenotypes is increasingly being recognized, previous large-scale studies in schizophrenia SZ have primarily focused on supratentorial structures. Palliative Medicine Health Policy JAMA psychiatry 75 11 , , This cerebellocerebral structural covariance was strongest in SZ, suggesting common underlying disease processes jointly affecting the cerebellum and the cerebrum. Forensic Medicine While recent findings are consistent with this computational generalization, they also raise challenging questions regarding the nature of cerebellar learning, and may thus inspire revisions of our views on the role of the cerebellum in sensorimotor control. Anesthesia Keywords: cerebellum; cognition; computational mechanisms; internal models; language; motor control. Obstetrics and Gynecology Oncology