Karbala background

Karbala background and wars, revolutions and counter-revolutions are nothing but the actions and inter-actions of social, religious and political orders of the time.

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Karbala background

Prior to his death, the Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya I r. Yazid's nomination was contested by the sons of a few prominent companions of Muhammad, including Husayn, son of the fourth caliph Ali , and Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr , son of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam. Upon Mu'awiya's death in , Yazid demanded allegiance from Husayn and other dissidents. Husayn did not give allegiance and traveled to Mecca. The people of Kufa , an Iraqi garrison town and the center of Ali's caliphate, were averse to the Syria -based Umayyad caliphs and had a long-standing attachment to the house of Ali. They proposed Husayn overthrow the Umayyads. On Husayn's way to Kufa with a retinue of about 70 men, his caravan was intercepted by a 1,strong army of the caliph at some distance from Kufa. He was forced to head north and encamp in the plain of Karbala on 2 October, where a larger Umayyad army of 4, [a] arrived soon afterwards. Negotiations failed after the Umayyad governor Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad refused Husayn safe passage without submitting to his authority, a condition declined by Husayn. Battle ensued on 10 October during which Husayn was killed along with most of his relatives and companions, while his surviving family members were taken prisoner. The battle was the start of the Second Fitna , during which the Iraqis organized two separate campaigns to avenge the death of Husayn; the first one by the Tawwabin and the other one by Mukhtar al-Thaqafi and his supporters. The Battle of Karbala galvanized the development of the pro- Alid [b] party Shi'at Ali into a unique religious sect with its own rituals and collective memory.

Karbala as a moral template 2, Israel United States. Main article: Mourning of Muharram.

Shrine of Imam Hussain ibn Ali at night The shrine of Prophet Abbas. Karbala and Tasoa. Vector illustration of Mao of Iraq. Karbala, Iraq - November 29,

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Karbala background

One of the important events that occurred in the month of Muharram was the Battle of Karbala. This battle is one of the most memorable battles for Muslims because even though it has become a deep wound for Muslims throughout history, it also brought wisdom. Hussain R. This battle took place between a small entourage consisting of the family and companions of Hussain ibn Ali R. A against the military troops sent by Yazid ibn Muawiyah, the Umayyad Caliph at that time. Since the martyrdom of Ali ibn Abi Talib R. However, Muawiyah from the Umayyads felt he was more worthy of being a leader than Hasan and had ambitions to seize that power. Hasan R. A , who was a peacemaker, relented by handing over his power to Muawiyah through a peace treaty. The terms of the Hasan-Muawiyah treaty were that Hasan would become caliph after Muawiyah.

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Die Welt des Islams. Even so, Muawiyah was jealous and afraid of the knowledge and personality of the grandson of the Prophet of God, as he was attracting people from all parts of Arabia to Medina where, he was living peacefully at a distance from the intrigues and paganism prevailing at the court of Damascus. When Shi'ism became the official religion of Iran in the 16th century, Safavid rulers such as Shah Tahmasp I , patronized poets who wrote about the Battle of Karbala. If you continue to use this site, you agree with it. Shemr wanted to kill Husayn's only surviving son Ali Zayn al-Abidin , who had not taken part in the fighting because of illness, but was prevented by Ibn Sa'd. Hussain stood for the principles of Islam, as taught by his grandfather, the Prophet of Islam, which were against tyranny, oppression and injustice. According to Julius Wellhausen , most of them regretted their actions in the battle and embellished the accounts of the battle in favor of Husayn in order to dilute their guilt. It was clear that this message of fraternity and equality also laid stress on the unity of mankind in a world-state Umma with Muslims under the banner of Islam. As long as Iraq was in Umayyad hands, the movement remained underground. Next page. He was forced to head north and encamp in the plain of Karbala on 2 October, where a larger Umayyad army of 4, [a] arrived soon afterwards. Aghaie, Kamran S. Arabs in History. A few days later, Husayn left for Mecca without acknowledging Yazid.

Prior to his death, the Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya I r.

Some of the principles of Islam were for peace, happiness and human welfare. Al-Ukhaidir Fortress near Karbala, Iraq. Hague: Mouton Publishers. Two little girls serve water to a pilgrim at the Arbaeen Walk in Iraq. Hussain stood for the principles of Islam, as taught by his grandfather, the Prophet of Islam, which were against tyranny, oppression and injustice. Calendar of festivities Find here all the important dates and festivities. Initially, he was unwilling to fight Husayn, but complied following Ibn Ziyad's threat to revoke his governorship. Find images that speak to you Download millions of royalty-free vectors, illustrations, photos, and AI-generated images. Sindawi, Khalid The death of the third imam and his followers marked the 'big bang' that created the rapidly expanding cosmos of Shi'ism and brought it into motion.