Granulosa

Granulosa rare malignant sex cord stromal tumor of ovary arising from the granulosa cells of the ovary, which occurs in peri and post menopausal women, and that presents with abnormal vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain and distension, granulosa. The tumor is frequently unilateral, granulosa, estrogen secreting, and has a slow natural history and a tendency to relapse long after the initial diagnosis.

Adult ovarian granulosa cell tumours OCGT are interesting due to their unpredictable behaviour and capacity to produce hormones, which may cause alterations in other organs of the genital tract. The clinical course of ovarian granulosa cell tumours is charecterized by its slow course, and tendency to late recurrence.. We present the case of an 82 year old woman with a large primary granulosa cell tumour, complicated by hypovolaemic shock caused by a metrorrhagic episode and bleeding from pleural metastases.. This case, and the literature relevant to the clinical characteristics and epidemiology of these tumours is discussed in this article. Also, their diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic characteristics..

Granulosa

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October Learn More or Try it out now. The ovarian follicle is the basic functional unit of the ovary, comprising theca cells and granulosa cells GCs. Mural GCs produce oestrogen during the follicular phase and progesterone after ovulation, while CCs surround the oocyte tightly and form the cumulus oophurus and corona radiata inner cell layer. However, the function of both GCs and CCs is dependent on proper follicular angiogenesis. Aside from participating in complex molecular interplay with the oocyte, the ovarian follicular cells exhibit stem-like properties, characteristic of mesenchymal stem cells MSCs. Considering increasing female fertility problems worldwide, it is of interest to develop new strategies enhancing assisted reproductive techniques. Therefore, it is important to carefully consider GCs as ovarian stem cells in terms of the cellular features and molecular pathways involved in their development and interactions as well as outline their possible application in translational medicine. Female infertility is a worldwide problem, affecting millions of women. It can be caused by various factors and reproductive system disorders, especially those affecting the ovaries. The cause of PCOS is multifactorial, including both genetic and environmental factors.

Functional significance of cumulus expansion in the mouse: roles for the preovulatory synthesis of hyaluronic acid within granulosa cumulus mass. Willecke K, granulosa.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October Learn More or Try it out now. The main consequence of delaying motherhood is compromising a woman's reproductive life with a decline in fertility.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Mitochondria are at the intersection of aging and fertility, with research efforts centered largely on the role that these specialized organelles play in the relatively rapid decline in oocyte quality that occurs as females approach reproductive senescence. In addition to various roles in oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryogenesis, mitochondria are critical to granulosa cell function. Herein, we provide a review of the literature pertaining to the role of mitochondria in granulosa cell function, with emphasis on how mitochondrial aging in granulosa cells may impact reproduction in female mammals.

Granulosa

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. O, Kochi, Kerala India Unlike epithelial ovarian tumors, they occur in a younger age group, are usually detected in an early stage and often have features of hyperestrogenism. The presenting symptoms are usually nonspecific with abdominal pain or distension. They follow an indolent course and are characterized by a long natural history. Only stage of the disease has been consistently shown in various studies to affect survival of patients with GCT. The initial management of patients, for whom fertility is not an issue, is total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and removal of all gross disease.

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Furthermore, phosphatidylinositol PI 3-kinase PI3K is a KIT effector, leading to changes in the expression of key players of the apoptotic pathway [ ]. In antral follicles, GCs play a key role in modulating signaling for energy production during the processes of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In addition, a subpopulation of GCs was reported to express CD c-kit , a mesenchymal lineage marker and stem cell factor receptor, which is assumed to be involved in the survival of human ovarian follicles [ 16 ]. Additional information. Acta Obstet. Beyth, et al. J Cell Sci. Furukawa K. Furlong, E. Diaz F. Comment Form X.

About Translations. Surrounding the oocyte as it develops within the ovary follicle are multiple layers of granulosa cells that are bound to the thick specialised extracellular matrix, the zona pellucida. The innermost layer of these cells, the corona radiata, communicate directly with the oocyte by cytoplasmic extensions passing through the zona pellucida.

Therefore, although GCs exhibit some epithelial characteristics, they also resemble the MSC phenotype, expressing vimentin, while their luteinised counterparts express OCT-4, an essential protein involved in cell differentiation and self-renewal. Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of ovarian follicular cysts in mammals. Moore, K. Hum Reprod, 15 , pp. Michielssen, H. This process begins with the uptake of cholesterol Figure 3B into cells GC and theca interna and its conversion into pregnenolone by cytochrome P CYP in the mitochondria. Klin Lab Diagn, 1 , pp. Willecke K. Further studies showed the ability of GCs to differentiate into muscle cells and cardiac cells [ 41 , 42 ]. Effect of local neutralization of basic fibroblast growth factor or vascular endothelial growth factor by a specific antibody on the development of the corpus luteum in the cow. Greenfield A. Angiogenesis in the corpus luteum. Adult ovarian granulosa cell tumours OCGT are interesting due to their unpredictable behaviour and capacity to produce hormones, which may cause alterations in other organs of the genital tract. Cell Rep.