Depressive attributional style

Depressive attributional style ; Explanatory style ; Negative attributional style ; Optimistic attributional style ; Pessimistic attributional style ; Positive attributional style.

How do you view positive and negative life events? Perhaps you blame yourself when faced with failure while never giving yourself credit for the good. In the face of adversity, can you see past the present moment and know that things will get better? The way you attribute and explain positive and negative events to yourself can impact your life in ways you may not realize. Before you read on, we thought you might like to download our three Positive Psychology Exercises for free.

Depressive attributional style

The way you explain an occurrence in your life is known as attributional style, which can affect your well-being. When something positive or negative happens in our lives, we often seek to explain its occurrence. We may ask: Why did this happen to me? Is it because of something I did? Do I just have bad luck? These are attributional styles, which refer to the ways people explain the causes of specific events in their life. Attributional types can say a lot about how we interact with the world. They can shape our view on how much control we have over what happens to us. The way you think about events in your life can also impact your mental health. Attributional styles are based on the historical work of:. The global-specific domain refers to whether you believe the event will have a consistent effect on your life compared to its impact only in that particular situation. The stable-unstable domain refers to whether you believe an event will be long lasting or short term.

I felt fulfilled because Depressive attributional style was able to keep my apartment, Reading this piece have confirmed my optimism and determination to succeed. Attribution style of patients with depression. Fauber, and Lauren B.

In this article we report meta-analyses of the relation of attributional styles to depression. In studies involving nearly 15, subjects, several attributional patterns had reliable associations with depression scores. For negative events, attributions to internal, stable, and global causes had a reliable and significant association with depression. Studies in which the attribution factors of ability and luck were measured also showed a reliable association with depression. For positive events, attributions to external, unstable, and specific causes were associated with depression.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October Learn More or Try it out now. Individuals seeking treatment for depression often are struggling with maladaptive cognitions that impact how they view themselves and the world. Research on cognitive attributions that underlie depressed mood focuses on the phenomenon of negative cognitive style, in which depressed people tend to view undesirable occurrences in life as having internal, stable, and global causes. Based on research, clinicians have developed various techniques that seek to modify depressive attributions in order to alleviate symptoms of depression. In this article, the authors review the literature on attributions in depression, present clinically relevant interventions based on empirical support, provide case examples, and summarize future directions and recommendations for researchers and practitioners. Two employees at the same company are fired from their jobs. This begs the question, why do these two people have such different thoughts about and emotional reactions to the same life experience?

Depressive attributional style

We administrated measures of attributional styles and psychological adjustments to a sample of Chinese Buddhists as well as a control group recruited in China. Data analyses showed that Buddhists were more likely to attribute bad outcomes to internal, stable, and global causes, but their well-being was less affected by it. Forty years ago, Seligman proposed the learnt helplessness model of depression, which proposed that control over the environment is a fundamental need for any organism, and if one is repeatedly exposed to unavoidable painful stimuli, one will come to expect that such events are uncontrollable and develop hopelessness and depression as a result Hiroto and Seligman, This model was later reformulated to the Attributional Style theory Abramson et al. Initial empirical support for these theoretical propositions has been mixed Coyne and Gotlib, For example, Zuroff found that while depressed participants made more internal attributions for failure than non-depressed participants, in absolute terms, they still favored external over internal attributions for failure. Many of the negative findings, however, might be attributed to inadequate statistical power Robins, Meta-analyses did show that the depressive attributional style is a reliable predictor of depression and other indices of well-being Sweeney et al. One less-investigated aspect of the depressive attributional style, however, is how socio-cultural factors, such as religious beliefs, may moderate its impact on well-being.

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Peterson observed that perceptions of control are usually inferred from the causal attributions people give. The following studies are just some examples of the impact explanatory styles can have on other aspects of life, including wellbeing or the lack thereof, success in the workplace and academic achievement. A series of general linear modeling analyses were performed to assess group differences, with gender, age, and three dummy variables representing educational level as covariates. Conditions Discover Quizzes Resources. Alex still expects future proposals to be successful because the proposal failed due to their temporary problem and not his lack of ability. In studies involving nearly 15, subjects, several attributional patterns had reliable associations with depression scores. Although we believe that the core ideas relevant to our research question are similar across these schools, future studies may empirically examine how ideological differences of various Buddhist schools modulate the attributional process. An external attribution occurs when a negative or positive event is attributed to the situational context. Cognitive vulnerability in children at risk for depression. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to completion of the online survey. According to hopelessness theory, when a person prone to depressogenic thinking, often referred to as a cognitive vulnerability, faces a negative event, he or she will be more likely than those without the vulnerability to make negative causal inferences about the situation, therefore engendering feelings of general hopelessness about the future that promote depression Abramson et al. More specifically, it is believed that behaviors are decided by thoughts and each thought is one or a combination of 51 kinds of mental factors Skt. A prospective test of the hopelessness theory of depression in children.

The way you explain an occurrence in your life is known as attributional style, which can affect your well-being. When something positive or negative happens in our lives, we often seek to explain its occurrence.

However, these reviews provided less consistent evidence to support associations between depression and external, unstable, and specific attributions for positive events, and therefore, most of the subsequent research focuses on negative attributions for negative events. The alpha coefficient of the BDI was 0. Top bar navigation. Through interventions that involve action, clinicians can indirectly impact negative attributions by focusing on changing behaviors that, in turn, undermine these rigid schemas. A person with these traits could be described as having a specific type of depression, called hopelessness depression Schneider et al. Mindfulness-based techniques have become increasingly popular, either as a primary aspect of the approach or an incorporated element in a larger treatment framework. The Meaning and Measurement of Explanatory Style. Although this avoidance may be driven by sensitivity to negative affect e. Table 3 summarizes the scores of the indicators of psychological adjustment of the two groups. Other Clinical Considerations Stressful Life Events The finding that attributional style interacts with negative life events to confer risk for depression is another area for clients to be aware of during treatment. Their findings suggested that an optimistic attributional style for events was associated with higher academic achievement in high school students and mediated the effect of academic performance upon self-esteem. Diener, E.