Cosmos db partition key

When using Cosmos DB, it is critically important to choose a good partition key strategy.

Azure Cosmos DB is a globally distributed, multi-model database service that offers scalable throughput and storage. Partitioning enables this scalability and allows for highly efficient data management. However, you need an effective strategy to improve data distribution across partitions. Otherwise, you might end up with unbalanced loads. This article explores partitioning in Azure Cosmos DB, focusing on selecting partition keys, handling unbalanced loads, and managing data distribution. Partitioning in Azure Cosmos DB is both an art and a science—a delicate balance of understanding the data, predicting usage patterns, and making strategic decisions about data distribution. The goal is to distribute data and requests evenly across all partitions for optimal performance.

Cosmos db partition key

Performance and speed are crucial to the processing of any application running heavier or light workloads. The most significant impact any service can make on the application is the database queries. The latency to read, write and update the data in real-time can affect how the application performs its operation and how quickly it does that. While working on an application design, you often seek certain functionality in services to be used by the application, such as high availability, data consistency, strong throughput, scalability, and robust disaster recovery solution. The most important thing is that all of those benefits shouldn't come at the cost of the application's performance. In this article, you'll understand the concept of partition keys and the key concept involved in choosing the right partition key for your dataset. Azure Cosmos DB is designed to be used and operate for any size of workloads without any special configuration required to adapt to workload changes. That's all possible due to its scalable nature, and most importantly, the scalability is all taken care of under the hood by the Azure team so that you can spend more time writing efficient code and queries to interact with your data. In terms of writing efficient queries, Cosmos DB allows you to group a set of items or data in your collection by a similar property determined by the partition key. Partition keys are the core element to distributing your data efficiently into different logical and physical sets so that the queries performed against the database are completed as quickly as possible. It is essential to choose the partition key during the design phase of the applications as you cannot change the partition key once the container is created. Before starting to unwrap the partitions, it is essential to understand what containers are in CosmosDB. As of today, Cosmos DB offers three types of containers: collection, tables, and graphs. If you wish to learn more about these types, check out the first article in the series here.

Deleting data from a partition might not free up space - at least not immediately.

Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support. Azure Cosmos DB uses partitioning to scale individual containers in a database to meet the performance needs of your application. The items in a container are divided into distinct subsets called logical partitions. Logical partitions are formed based on the value of a partition key that is associated with each item in a container. All the items in a logical partition have the same partition key value.

August 12th, 7 1. With hierarchical partition keys, also known as sub-partitioning, you can now natively partition your container with up to three levels of partition keys. This enables more optimal partitioning strategies for multi-tenant scenarios or workloads that would otherwise use synthetic partition keys. Instead of having to choose a single partition key — which often leads to performance trade-offs — you can now use up to three keys to further sub-partition your data, enabling more optimal data distribution and higher scale. Behind the scenes, Azure Cosmos DB will automatically distribute your data among physical partitions such that a logical partition prefix e. Tenant can exceed 20GB of storage. In addition, queries that target a prefix of the full partition key path are efficiently routed to the subset of relevant physical partitions. Suppose you have a multi-tenant scenario where you store event for example, login, clickstream, payment, etc information for users in each tenant. Some tenants are very large with thousands of users, while the majority are smaller with a few users. As a refresher, Azure Cosmos DB distributes your data across logical and physical partitions based on your partition key to enable horizontal scaling.

Cosmos db partition key

Azure Cosmos DB makes use of partitioning to scale individual containers in a database subsequently enhancing the performance needs of your application. In partitioning , the items in a container are divided into distinct subsets called logical partitions. Logical partitions are created based on the value of a partition key that is linked with each item inside a container.

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Given the high volumes of data it processes and the real-time nature of the insights it provides, optimal performance is a necessity. Imbalanced data distribution can occur due to improper partition key selection, overloading some partitions while others remain underused. You choose a partition key when you create a container in Azure Cosmos DB. You can have up to three levels of keys. Additional resources In this article. Also, it provides a streamlined approach to querying and using data within the application. And that is because it uses a partitioning system opens new window to scale, which consists of physical and logical partitions. Spread request unit RU consumption and data storage evenly across all logical partitions. Regularly review and adjust your partition strategy as your application evolves to accommodate data growth or changing usage patterns. Note If you only have one physical partition, the value of the partition key may not be relevant as all queries will target the same physical partition. The containers are logical resources that groups one or more physical partitions of the data and necessary building blocks of Cosmos DB structure. This will create uniform partitions at scaling times and have an even distribution of logical partitions in containers.

Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support. This article explains how to query a container collection, graph, or table in Azure Cosmos DB. In particular, it covers how in-partition and cross-partition queries work in Azure Cosmos DB.

Regularly review and adjust your partition strategy as your application evolves to accommodate data growth or changing usage patterns. To get started, create a new container by using a predefined list of subpartitioning key paths up to three levels of depth. Next, you learned about some best practices to prevent these issues. Each physical partition consists of a set of replicas, also referred to as a replica set. Deleting data from a partition might not free up space - at least not immediately. A single physical partition could contain multiple partition keys. The container could have any number of physical partitions, but in this example we assume it has three. On the left, we can see that the partition key was kept as "model type", which leads to containers like Apple, Samsung, and Google and more. The PartitionKeyBuilder class in the SDK can construct a value for a previously defined hierarchical partition key path. Some included base images, significantly increasing their size. It was frequently accessed, thus the client paid thousands of dollars in transactions. Logical partitions are formed based on the value of a partition key that is associated with each item in a container. When you choose your hierarchical partition keys, it's important to keep the following general partitioning concepts in mind:. The most important element of the horizontal partitioning strategy is the partition key—a property associated with all the items stored in the container.