Bacterial capsule slideshare

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This document discusses capsule staining, which is a technique used to identify the presence of bacterial capsules under a light microscope. It begins by defining bacterial capsules and explaining their functions, which include helping bacteria resist phagocytosis and providing protection. It then discusses the principle of capsule staining, which uses a negative stain to contrast the unstained capsule against stained bacterial cells. The procedure involves smearing a bacterial culture onto a slide with negative stain, staining with a counterstain like crystal violet, and examining under a microscope for unstained capsules surrounding stained cells. Examples of capsule-containing bacteria that can be identified this way include Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus anthracis.

Bacterial capsule slideshare

Bacterial capsules are composed of polysaccharides or other polymers that surround the cell wall. Capsules help bacteria resist phagocytosis and play a role in pathogenicity. Various staining methods can be used to visualize capsules, which are difficult to stain due to their non-ionic nature. Anthony's capsule stain uses crystal violet and copper sulfate to differentially stain the cell wall purple and leave the decolorized capsule appearing blue against the background. Maneval's method uses Congo red and acid fuchsin to reveal white capsules against a red-blue background. Negative staining can also visualize capsules using dyes like India ink. Capsule staining reveals structures important for bacterial virulence and survival. Read less. Capsule staining. AI-enhanced description. Download Now Download to read offline. Recommended Special stains. Special stains Dr. Dinesh Jain.

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Capsule of bacteria , composition ,function of capsule etc. Read less. Download Now Download to read offline. Recommended Bacterial cell wall. Bacterial cell wall Ashfaq Ahmad.

Some bacterial cells are surrounded by a viscous substance forming a covering layer or envelope around the cell wall, called a capsule. Bacterial capsules can be visualized by light microscopy using special staining methods. If the layer is too thin to be seen by light microscopy, it is termed a microcapsule. It is called the slime layer if it is so abundant that many cells are embedded in a common matrix. Capsule also known as K antigen is a major virulence factor of bacteria. The principal pathogens that cause pneumonia and meningitis include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and group B streptococci have polysaccharide capsules on their surface. Nonencapsulated mutants of these organisms are avirulent. Capsule is a gelatinous layer covering the entire bacterium. In light microscopy, capsules appear to be amorphous gelatinous areas surrounding the cell.

Bacterial capsule slideshare

What have we learned so far, in terms of cell layers? All cells have a cell membrane. Most bacteria have a cell wall. But there are a couple of additional layers that bacteria may, or may not, have. These would be found outside of both the cell membrane and the cell wall, if present. A bacterial capsule is a polysaccharide layer that completely envelopes the cell. It is well organized and tightly packed, which explains its resistance to staining under the microscope. The capsule offers protection from a variety of different threats to the cell, such as desiccation, hydrophobic toxic materials i. The capsule can enhance the ability of bacterial pathogens to cause disease and can provide protection from phagocytosis engulfment by white blood cells known as phagocytes.

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Bacterial Capsules Read less. Download Now Download to read offline. Recommended Introduction to streptococcus and a brief review on its species.

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